Compelling evidence
Disputes & risk
The documentation a merchant submits during representment to prove the cardholder authorised the transaction or that the goods or services were delivered as described. Accepted evidence varies by reason code, AVS/CVV match plus 3DS for fraud disputes, signed delivery confirmation for non-receipt disputes, etc.
In practice.
Compelling evidence is what wins representments: proof the schemes explicitly accept, such as delivery confirmation, device and IP history matching previous undisputed orders, or signed proof of service. Merchants with organized evidence capture at the point of sale win disputes at far higher rates than those assembling evidence after the fact.
Related terms: Chargeback · Representment · Reason code
Disputes & risk